NOTE : This illustration is just to give you the big picture of how 4G/5G RAN connected to each other and how they are connected to core network (EPC). Though not shown in this illustration, I would point out that LTE eNB and NR gNB are using their own PHY/MACĪs you see here, in case of data plane both Master Node(LTE) and Secondary Node(gNB) has direct interface with LTE corenetwork(S-GW), but in case of control plane only Master Node(LTE) has direct interface with LTE core network(MME). As you see here, UE is communicating with both LTE eNB and NR gNB in Radio side, but all those communication (signaling and data) are going through LTE core network. Overall RAN architecture of EN-DC can be illustrated as below (this is based on 37.340 - 4.3.1 and 4.3.2).
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